Pages

Popular Now

Monday, September 16, 2013

10 Critically Endangered Animals


1.     Amur Leopard-
The Amur Leopard, or Panthera pardus orientalis, lives in the Russian Far East, and is a subspecies that has adapted to life in the temperate forests there. It can run at speeds of up to 37 miles per hour, and has been reported to leap more than 19 feet horizontally and 10 feet vertically. These animals are critically endangered because China’s prey base is insufficient to cover large populations of leopards and tigers, so there is serious prey scarcity in their habitat. Also, these leopards are hunted for their beautiful spotted fur, making poaching a problem. One way to help is by symbolically adopting an Amur Leopard. Also, the World Wildlife Fund is accepting monthly donations.


2.     Black Rhino-
European hunters are responsible for the early decline of the Black Rhino, or Diceros bicornis, population. It was common for five or six rhinos a day to be killed for food or amusement. Most people regarded rhinos as pests and exterminated them at all costs. These rhinos and rhinos in general, are one of the oldest groups of mammals, which basically makes them living fossils. The black rhino has habitat changes and poaching to credit for the population decline. Most of the time rhinos have three valuable horns, making them huge targets for illegal trade in rhino horns. Today, the poaching of the black rhino has reached record levels due to rising demand for their horns. Ways to help are donating to the World Wildlife Fund or symbolically adopting a black rhino.


3.     Leatherback Turtle-
Marine turtles are part of a group of reptiles that has existed on earth and traveled the seas for the last 100 million years. The leatherback turtle, or Dermochelys coriacea, in particular is the world’s most endangered marine turtle. The population has slowly declined over the last 20 years due to overharvesting of turtle eggs and getting caught in nearby fishing nets. Their long migrations across the seas put them at great risk of coming into contact with long line fisheries. Leatherback turtles also feed mostly on jellyfish, making them vulnerable to swallowing plastic bags in the ocean, which could kill them. The World Wildlife Fund is working with fishing companies to get them to switch to more “turtle- friendly” hooks so that the turtles are at less of a risk to get caught by them. Also the World Wildlife Fund is accepting monthly donations, or offering the chance to virtually adopt a leatherback turtle.


4.     Cross River Gorilla-
The cross river gorilla, or the Gorilla gorilla diehli, has humans to think for its population decline. They live in a region populated by many humans that have cleared forests for timber and to create fields for livestock. Poaching is also a problem for these gorillas, and even a small loss in numbers has a detrimental effect on this population. These gorillas are also susceptible to inbreeding with other species of gorillas, and since the cross river population is so minute, there is a risk of loss of genetic diversity. The World Wildlife Fund is working with non-governmental organizations and logging companies and promoting sustainable forestry. To help the gorillas, the World Wildlife Fund is accepting monthly donations, or there is an opportunity to symbolically adopt a cross river gorilla.


5.     Sumatran Elephant-
The Sumatran elephant, or Elephas maximus sumatranus, is important to the forest ecosystem because it deposits seeds everywhere it goes, keeping the forests healthy. These elephants have smaller tusks than normal elephants, but they are enough to attract poachers who sell their tusks on the illegal ivory market. Only the male elephants have tusks, making them more of a target. This messes up the gender ratio, making breeding difficult for the elephants. The general population decline is due to habitat loss and human-elephant conflict. Deforestation puts the elephants in place to come into contact with human settlements, and in turn the humans retaliate by poisoning or shooting the elephants. The World Wildlife Fund has worked with local partners to form anti-poaching patrols in Sumatra, and it is also working to stop illegal trade of the ivory tusks. To help, donate to the World Wildlife Fund or adopt a Sumatran elephant.


6.     Vaquita-
The vaquita, or Phocoena sinus, is found in the Mexico Gulf of California. It is the world’s smallest porpoise, and it is also the most endangered cetacean. The vaquita has natural predators such as sharks, but it is mainly threatened by the fishing industry . They often get caught in gillnets of fisherman and die. This is called bycatch and it is a major problem for the species containing roughly 200 individuals. To save the species, bycatching must be eliminated completely .The World Wildlife Fund has been working on finding alternate fishing equipment that reduces the chance of catching a vaquita. To help the vaquita, make a monthly donation to the World Wildlife Fund or adopt a vaquita.


7.     Sumatran Orangutan-
The Sumatran orangutan, or Pongo abelii, lives almost completely in the tops of trees, rarely coming down to the ground. If these orangutans were to disappear, so would several tree species, especially those with larger seeds that are spread exclusively by the monkeys.  One of the biggest problems the orangutans face is hunting. They are captured from the wild and killed for food, or they are kept in houses and serve as status symbols. Another problem for them is habitat loss, mainly caused by fires and conversion of forests for agricultural development. The World Wildlife Fund is working with their partners to help governments enforce restrictions and laws against trade in live animals. Options to help are donating to the World Wildlife Fund or symbolically adopting a Sumatran orangutan.


8.     Western Lowland Gorilla-
The western lowland gorilla, or Gorilla gorilla gorilla, population is declining because of disease and poaching. Their numbers have gone down 60% over the last 25 years, and the estimated recovery time for the species would be at least 75 years if all of the treats were removed. The hunting and killing of these gorillas is illegal, but the animals are still killed for meat, and babies are captured and kept as pets.  Elbola is a deadly virus for both humans and gorillas, and it has caused a number of massive die-offs. The World Wildlife Fund is working in a habituation program for the gorillas, as well as an Ebola vaccine for gorillas. Options to help the western lowland gorillas are making monthly donations to the World Wildlife Fund or virtually adopting a gorilla.


9.     Hawksbill Turtle-
The hawksbill turtle, or Eretmochelys imbricata, is primarily found throughout the world’s tropical oceans, especially in coral reefs. These turtles face the threats of excessive egg collection, fishing related deaths, pollution, coastal development, and habitat destruction. Hawksbill turtles are especially susceptible to getting tangled up in fishing nets or getting hooked on fishing lines. Marine turtles have to reach the surface to breathe, so when they get caught and tangled in the nets, they die because they cannot reach air. As fishing activity expands, it poses an even greater threat to these turtles. World Wildlife Fund is working with communities to reduce turtle harvesting and local trade, and they are spreading how important it is to protect these creatures. To help these turtles, donate to the World Wildlife Fund or adopt a turtle.


10.  Sumatran Tiger-
Accelerating deforestation and poaching are the causes of population decline for the Sumatran tiger, or Panthera tigris sumatrae. They are losing their habitat and prey fast, and poaching is showing no signs of slowing down. The habitat of the tigers has been reduced dramatically die to clearing for agriculture, settlement, and plantations. Most Sumatran tigers are killed intentionally for commercial gain. Poaching is responsible for 78% of tiger deaths, which consists of about 40 tigers a year. Since their habitats are being destroyed, the tigers are coming into contact with humans, which in turn kill the tigers for retaliation. World Wildlife Fund is working to decrease Sumatran tiger poaching incidents and is helping increase surveillance. To help the Sumatran tigers, make a monthly donation to the World Wildlife Fund or adopt a tiger of your own. 

                                                                                            
Ashlee Holtzclaw
@acoleslaw98

No comments:

Post a Comment